MCQ Practice
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CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
The Constitution of India is the supreme law determining the nation's political framework, government structures, powers, and citizens' fundamental rights.
INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872
The Indian Contract Act, 1872 is the foundational legal framework governing mercantile and business transactions in India. It codifies the legal principles that dictate how agreements are made, executed, and enforced between private parties.
BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA , 2023
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS) is the official penal code of India. It repealed and replaced the 163-year-old British-era Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, coming into full legal effect across the country on July 1, 2024. The BNS streamlines criminal law by reducing the number of sections from 511 (under the IPC) to 358 sections, while introducing modern provisions to handle contemporary crimes.
BHARATIYA NAGRIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)—often referred to as the Bharatiya Nyaya Suraksha Sanhita—is the primary procedural law governing the administration of criminal justice in India. It replaced the British-era Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, and came into full legal effect on July 1, 2024. While the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) defines offenses and punishments, the BNSS outlines the actual process: how investigations are conducted, how arrests are made, how bail is granted, and how trials are run. It contains 531 sections (up from 484 in the CrPC).
BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) is the primary statutory framework regulating the admissibility, relevance, and weight of evidence in Indian courts. It repealed and replaced the British-era Indian Evidence Act, 1872, coming into full legal effect across India on July 1, 2024. While the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) defines crimes and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) dictates the procedural investigation, the BSA determines what facts can be proved before a judge and how they must be presented. It contains 170 sections (down from 167 in the old Evidence Act)
CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908
The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) is the foundational procedural law that regulates the administration, machinery, and conduct of all civil litigation and disputes in India. Unlike substantive laws which define rights and liabilities (like the Contract Act or Transfer of Property Act), the CPC provides the step-by-step mechanism to enforce those rights in a court of law.
SPECIFIC RELIEF ACT, 1963
The Specific Relief Act, 1963 (SRA) is a specialized civil statute in India that provides remedies when monetary compensation (damages) is not an adequate solution for a breach of contract or civil wrong. While the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) provides the general machinery for all lawsuits, the SRA steps in to grant precise, equitable remedies—such as forcing a party to perform their exact contractual obligation or stopping them from committing an unlawful act.
LIMITATION ACT, 1963
The Limitation Act, 1963 is a crucial procedural statute in India that prescribes the specific time limits within which a litigant must approach a court of law to file a lawsuit, appeal, or application. The entire Act is anchored to a foundational legal maxim: "Vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt"—the law assists those who are vigilant about their rights, not those who sleep over them. Once the prescribed statutory period expires, a litigant permanently loses the legal right to enforce their remedy in court.
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ACT, 1882
The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (TPA) is the foundational codification of property law in India, regulating how immovable and movable properties are transferred between living persons (an act known as transfers inter vivos). The Act establishes the structural parameters for selling, leasing, gifting, and mortgaging assets, ensuring legal finality and public record transparency in real estate transactions.
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881
The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (NI Act) is the primary legislation in India that governs commercial documents like promissory notes, bills of exchange, and cheques. It establishes the legal framework for the free transferability of these instruments and provides civil and criminal remedies for their dishonor. The NI Act plays an indispensable role in business transactions, ensuring confidence in banking and credit systems.
DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT, 1961 AND THE DOWRY PROHIBITION (MAINTENANCE OF LISTS OF PRESENTS TO THE BRIDE AND BRIDEGROOM) RULES, 1985
The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 is an Indian law enacted to eradicate the social evil of dowry. It prohibits the giving, taking, or demanding of dowry—property or valuable security—before, during, or after marriage. Violators face imprisonment and heavy fines, aiming to prevent female exploitation and domestic abuse.
INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION) ACT, 1986
The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 prohibits the indecent, derogatory, or denigrating portrayal of women through advertisements, publications, writings, paintings, or figures. Enacted to prevent female objectification and preserve public morality, violations carry mandatory fines and imprisonment up to two years for first-time offenders.
PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 is a civil law protecting women from physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse within domestic relationships. It secures a woman’s right to reside in a shared household and offers court protection, maintenance, custody orders, and emergency medical and shelter relief.
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES (POCSO) ACT, 2012
The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 protects individuals under 18 from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography. It establishes child-friendly judicial procedures, strict mandatory reporting, child anonymity, and special courts for speedy trials, featuring severe, age-graded penalties—including capital punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault.
JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN) ACT, 2015
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 addresses children in conflict with law and those needing care. It emphasizes rehabilitation and social reintegration over punishment. Crucially, it permits trying juveniles aged 16–18 as adults for heinous offenses, while streamlining legal processes for adoption, foster care, and institutional protection.