BHARATIYA NAGRIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS)—often referred to as the Bharatiya Nyaya Suraksha Sanhita—is the primary procedural law governing the administration of criminal justice in India. It replaced the British-era Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973, and came into full legal effect on July 1, 2024. While the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) defines offenses and punishments, the BNSS outlines the actual process: how investigations are conducted, how arrests are made, how bail is granted, and how trials are run. It contains 531 sections (up from 484 in the CrPC).